方法对比

	调查	在线调查
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	Late 19th century; systematic social-science use from 1940s	Mid-1990s (widespread scholarly adoption ~1995–2000)
提出者	Francis Galton, Charles Booth, and early social statisticians; formalised by Paul Lazarsfeld in the 1940s	Mick P. Couper, Don A. Dillman (early systematic frameworks)
类型	Quantitative (primarily) or mixed-methods data-collection instrument	Quantitative / mixed-methods data collection technique
开创性文献	Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D., & Christian, L. M. (2014). Internet, Phone, Mail, and Mixed-Mode Surveys: The Tailored Design Method (4th ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-1118456149	Couper, M. P. (2000). Web surveys: A review of issues and approaches. Public Opinion Quarterly, 64(4), 464–494.
别名	questionnaire survey, survey research, self-report survey, questionnaire study	web survey, internet survey, e-survey, computer-assisted web interviewing
相关	6	6
摘要	A survey is a systematic data-collection method in which a standardised set of questions is posed to a sample of respondents to measure attitudes, behaviours, demographics, or other constructs. Surveys can be administered via paper, telephone, online platforms, or face-to-face. They are among the most widely used instruments in social, behavioural, health, and educational research because they can reach large, geographically dispersed samples at relatively low cost.	An online survey is a structured data collection instrument hosted on a web platform and completed by respondents via internet-connected devices. It enables large-scale, geographically dispersed data gathering at low cost and with rapid turnaround. Respondents self-administer the questionnaire at their convenience, which reduces interviewer bias and permits automatic data capture. Online surveys are the dominant mode of survey research in social, behavioural, health, and market research today.