方法对比
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| 雨水管理× | 环境影响评估× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 环境工程 | 环境工程 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 1980 | 1970 |
| 提出者≠ | Urban hydrologists and engineers | U.S. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) |
| 类型≠ | design and simulation pipeline | systematic assessment and decision-support pipeline |
| 开创性文献≠ | Urbonas, B., & Stahre, P. (1993). Stormwater Best Management Practices and Detention. Prentice Hall. ISBN: 978-0134445915 | Glasson, J., Therivel, R., & Chadwick, A. (2005). Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment (3rd ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-0415303910 |
| 别名 | urban stormwater, runoff management, wet weather control, low-impact development | EIA, impact assessment, environmental screening, cumulative effects assessment |
| 相关≠ | 3 | 4 |
| 摘要≠ | Stormwater management is the planning and engineering of urban water systems to control, treat, and utilize rainwater runoff from developed areas. Traditional approaches (pipes, detention basins) conveyed runoff rapidly to streams or treatment plants; modern green infrastructure approaches (permeable pavements, bioswales, retention ponds) reduce runoff volume through infiltration and reuse while improving water quality. Stormwater management integrates hydrologic modeling, water quality assessment, and infrastructure design to meet regulatory requirements and climate resilience goals. | Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a systematic, structured process to identify, predict, and evaluate the environmental and social consequences of proposed development projects (infrastructure, extraction, manufacturing) before implementation. Mandated by law in most jurisdictions since the 1970s (NEPA in USA, EU Directive 2011/92/EU), EIA integrates scientific analysis of air quality, water resources, biodiversity, noise, and socioeconomic effects with stakeholder consultation and decision-making frameworks to inform project approval, design modification, or rejection. |
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