方法对比

	Standardized Mortality Ratio	Kitagawa Decomposition
领域	人口学	人口学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1987	1955
提出者	Classical vital-statistics method (formalized by Breslow & Day)	Evelyn M. Kitagawa
类型	Ratio of observed to expected deaths under a standard rate schedule	Arithmetic decomposition of a difference between two summary rates
开创性文献	Preston, S. H., Heuveline, P., & Guillot, M. (2001). Demography: Measuring and Modeling Population Processes. Blackwell. ISBN: 9781557864512	Kitagawa, E. M. (1955). Components of a difference between two rates. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 50(272), 1168–1194.
别名	SMR, Standardised Mortality Ratio, Indirectly Standardized Mortality Ratio	Components-of-difference method, Rate decomposition, Standardization decomposition, Kitagawa Ayrıştırması
相关	4	4
摘要	The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) compares the number of deaths actually observed in a study population with the number that would be expected if that population had experienced a standard set of age-specific death rates. It is the central output of indirect standardization: a single ratio, usually multiplied by 100, that says whether a group's mortality is higher or lower than a reference after accounting for its age structure. Because it needs only the study group's age distribution and total deaths — not stable age-specific rates within the group — the SMR is the method of choice when the group is small or its age-specific deaths are sparse.	Kitagawa decomposition is a demographic technique that splits the difference between two summary rates — such as two crude death rates, birth rates, or prevalence figures — into the part attributable to differences in the underlying group-specific rates and the part attributable to differences in population composition. Introduced by Evelyn Kitagawa in 1955, it answers whether a gap between two populations reflects genuinely different risks or merely a different age (or other) structure.