方法对比

	Standardized Mortality Ratio	Indirect Standardization
领域	人口学	人口学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1987	2001
提出者	Classical vital-statistics method (formalized by Breslow & Day)	Classical demographic method (formalized by Preston, Heuveline & Guillot)
类型	Ratio of observed to expected deaths under a standard rate schedule	Rate adjustment using a standard schedule of group-specific rates
开创性文献	Preston, S. H., Heuveline, P., & Guillot, M. (2001). Demography: Measuring and Modeling Population Processes. Blackwell. ISBN: 9781557864512	Preston, S. H., Heuveline, P., & Guillot, M. (2001). Demography: Measuring and Modeling Population Processes. Blackwell. ISBN: 9781557864512
别名	SMR, Standardised Mortality Ratio, Indirectly Standardized Mortality Ratio	Indirect method of standardization, Standardized mortality ratio, SMR method, Dolaylı Standardizasyon
相关	4	4
摘要	The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) compares the number of deaths actually observed in a study population with the number that would be expected if that population had experienced a standard set of age-specific death rates. It is the central output of indirect standardization: a single ratio, usually multiplied by 100, that says whether a group's mortality is higher or lower than a reference after accounting for its age structure. Because it needs only the study group's age distribution and total deaths — not stable age-specific rates within the group — the SMR is the method of choice when the group is small or its age-specific deaths are sparse.	Indirect standardization is a demographic technique for comparing summary rates when a study population's own group-specific rates are too sparse to be reliable. Instead of reweighting the study population's rates, it applies a trusted standard schedule of group-specific rates to the study population's own structure to compute the number of events that would be expected. The ratio of observed to expected events — the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) — measures how the study population's risk compares with the standard, adjusted for its composition.