方法对比

	Stakeholder Analysis for Policy	Regulatory Impact Analysis
领域	Public Policy	Public Policy
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2009	1995
提出者	Management and development practice; typology synthesised by Reed and colleagues	Government regulatory-reform practice; standardised by the OECD
类型	Systematic analysis of actors affected by or affecting a policy	Systematic ex-ante appraisal of proposed regulation
开创性文献	Reed, M. S., Graves, A., Dandy, N., Posthumus, H., Hubacek, K., Morris, J., Prell, C., Quinn, C. H., & Stringer, L. C. (2009). Who's in and why? A typology of stakeholder analysis methods for natural resource management. Journal of Environmental Management, 90(5), 1933–1949.	OECD (2020). Regulatory Impact Assessment, OECD Best Practice Principles for Regulatory Policy. Paris: OECD Publishing.
别名	Stakeholder Analysis, Stakeholder Mapping, Interest-Influence Analysis	RIA, Regulatory Impact Assessment, Impact Assessment of Regulation
相关	4	4
摘要	Stakeholder analysis is a systematic approach to identifying the individuals, groups and organisations affected by or able to affect a policy or program, characterising their interests and influence, and understanding the relationships among them. Reed and colleagues' influential 2009 typology organises the field into three tasks: identifying stakeholders, differentiating and categorising them, and investigating their relationships. The aim is to inform the design, implementation and evaluation of policy by clarifying whose interests are at stake, who holds power, and how to engage them — improving both the effectiveness and the legitimacy of decisions.	Regulatory impact analysis (RIA) is a systematic process for appraising the likely costs, benefits and effects of proposed regulation before it is adopted. Promoted by the OECD as a cornerstone of good regulatory governance, it requires governments to define the problem a regulation is meant to solve, set out alternative options including non-regulatory ones, assess the impacts of each against a do-nothing baseline, consult affected parties, and recommend the option that delivers the greatest net benefit. RIA aims to ensure that new rules are evidence-based, proportionate and justified rather than imposed without examination of their consequences.