方法对比

	Sport Commitment Model	Athlete Career Transition Assessment
领域	Sport Leisure Studies	Sport Leisure Studies
方法族	Latent structure	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1993	1994
提出者	Tara Scanlan and colleagues	Jim Taylor & Bruce Ogilvie; Natalia Stambulova
类型	Latent-variable model of the determinants of sport commitment	Conceptual-model-driven assessment pipeline for athletic career transition
开创性文献	Scanlan, T. K., Carpenter, P. J., Schmidt, G. W., Simons, J. P., & Keeler, B. (1993). An Introduction to the Sport Commitment Model. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 15(1), 1-15.	Taylor, J., & Ogilvie, B. C. (1994). A Conceptual Model of Adaptation to Retirement Among Athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 6(1), 1-20.
别名	SCM, Scanlan Sport Commitment Model, Sport Commitment Questionnaire, Model of Commitment to Sport	Athletic Career Transition Model (ACTM), Sport Career Termination Assessment, Adaptation to Athletic Retirement Model, Career Transition Adjustment Assessment
相关	3	3
摘要	The Sport Commitment Model explains why people keep participating in a sport by treating commitment as a psychological state -- the desire and resolve to continue -- that is produced by a small set of measurable determinants. Introduced by Tara Scanlan and colleagues in 1993, the model proposes that commitment rises with sport enjoyment, personal investments, involvement opportunities, and social constraints, and falls as attractive alternatives to involvement increase. Each determinant is a latent factor measured by self-report items, and commitment itself is a latent outcome predicted by their combination, making the model a structural account of motivation that can be tested with questionnaires and structural equation modelling. Because commitment in turn predicts persistence, the model links the psychology of why athletes stay engaged to the behavior of actually continuing to take part.	Athlete career transition assessment uses conceptual models of how athletes adapt to leaving sport to evaluate whether a given transition -- above all retirement -- is likely to be navigated healthily or to tip into crisis. Jim Taylor and Bruce Ogilvie's 1994 model of adaptation to retirement traces the whole process: the causes that initiate it, the developmental and identity factors that shape adjustment, the coping resources available, the resulting quality of adaptation, and the interventions that may be needed when distress arises. Natalia Stambulova's athletic career transition model reframes the transition as a matter of balancing its demands against the athlete's resources and barriers, predicting either a successful transition or a crisis. Together these frameworks structure an assessment that diagnoses why a transition is happening, what the athlete brings to it, and how well they are coping.