方法对比

	SPLISS Framework	Competitive Balance Index
领域	Sport Leisure Studies	Sport Leisure Studies
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2006	2002
提出者	Veerle De Bosscher and colleagues	Brad R. Humphreys; P. Dorian Owen, Michael Ryan & Clayton Weatherston
类型	Benchmarking framework for elite sport policy and international success	Descriptive index pipeline for quantifying parity in sports leagues
开创性文献	De Bosscher, V., De Knop, P., van Bottenburg, M., & Shibli, S. (2006). A Conceptual Framework for Analysing Sports Policy Factors Leading to International Sporting Success. European Sport Management Quarterly, 6(2), 185-215.	Humphreys, B. R. (2002). Alternative measures of competitive balance in sports leagues. Journal of Sports Economics, 3(2), 133-148.
别名	Sports Policy Factors Leading to International Sporting Success, Nine Pillars Model, Elite Sport Policy Benchmarking, De Bosscher Nine Pillars	Noll-Scully Ratio, League Parity Index, Competitive Balance Ratio, Win-Percentage Dispersion Measures
相关	3	3
摘要	The SPLISS framework -- Sports Policy factors Leading to International Sporting Success -- is a benchmarking model that explains why some nations win more international medals than others by examining the policies their elite sport systems put in place. Developed by Veerle De Bosscher and colleagues, it treats sporting success as the output of a system that converts financial inputs into results through a set of policy processes, organized into nine interconnected pillars: funding, an integrated governance approach, sport participation, talent identification and development, athletic and post-career support, training facilities, coaching provision, (inter)national competition, and scientific research and innovation. Each pillar is broken down into roughly a hundred critical success factors that can be scored, allowing countries to be benchmarked against one another and against best practice to diagnose the strengths and weaknesses of their elite sport policy.	Competitive balance indices quantify how evenly matched the teams in a sports league are — the parity that the 'uncertainty of outcome' hypothesis says fans value and that economists treat as central to a league's product. The workhorse measure is the Noll-Scully ratio, which compares the actual standard deviation of teams' win percentages to the standard deviation that would arise in an idealized league where every team had equal playing strength, so that a value near one signals balance and large values signal dominance by a few clubs. Brad Humphreys's 2002 paper showed the limits of single-season dispersion measures and proposed the Competitive Balance Ratio to capture how standings change over time, while Owen, Ryan, and Weatherston's 2007 work adapted the Herfindahl-Hirschman index of concentration to wins, correcting it for the number of teams. Together these give a toolkit of dispersion and concentration indices for measuring league parity.