方法对比

	Speech Act Analysis	Systemic Functional Analysis
领域	语言学	语言学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1962	1985
提出者	J. L. Austin and John R. Searle (analytic method derived from speech act theory)	M. A. K. Halliday (analytic procedure within Systemic Functional Linguistics)
类型	Qualitative pragmatic coding of utterances for illocutionary force	Qualitative functional analysis of texts via metafunctions
开创性文献	Austin, J. L. (1962). How to Do Things with Words. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 9780198245537	Halliday, M. A. K., & Matthiessen, C. M. I. M. (2014). Halliday's Introduction to Functional Grammar (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 9781444146608
别名	Illocutionary Force Analysis, Speech Act Coding, Pragmatic Act Analysis	SFL Text Analysis, Metafunctional Analysis, Functional Grammar Analysis
相关	4	4
摘要	Speech act analysis is the empirical, qualitative method of examining real utterances for the actions they perform — promising, requesting, apologizing, warning, declaring — rather than merely for what they describe. Building on J. L. Austin's insight that saying is doing and on John Searle's systematic taxonomy of illocutionary acts, the analyst segments discourse into utterances, identifies the illocutionary force of each, classifies it (as a representative, directive, commissive, expressive, or declaration), and notes whether the act is performed directly or indirectly. It turns the philosophy of language into a coding procedure that can be applied to conversations, written texts, and elicited data.	Systemic functional analysis is the procedure of analyzing texts through the lens of M. A. K. Halliday's systemic functional linguistics, which holds that every clause simultaneously makes three kinds of meaning. The analyst works through a text clause by clause, examining its ideational meaning (who does what to whom, through the transitivity system of process types and participants), its interpersonal meaning (how the clause enacts a relationship, through mood and modality), and its textual meaning (how it is organized as a message, through theme and rheme). These three metafunctions together let the analyst show, in fine grammatical detail, how a text construes experience, negotiates social roles, and packages information.