方法对比

	空间因果敏感性分析	空间滞后模型（SAR / 空间自回归）
领域	因果推断	空间分析
方法族	Regression model	Regression model
起源年份	1988–2021 (developed progressively)	1988
提出者	Anselin (1988) for spatial diagnostics; Reich et al. (2021) for spatial causal frameworks	Anselin (textbook formalisation); LeSage & Pace
类型	Sensitivity / robustness analysis	Spatial autoregressive regression
开创性文献	Anselin, L. (1988). Spatial Econometrics: Methods and Models. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. ISBN: 978-9024737322	Anselin, L. (1988). Spatial Econometrics: Methods and Models. Kluwer Academic.
别名	spatial causal sensitivity, spatial robustness checks, SSAC, spatial confounding sensitivity	SAR model, spatial autoregressive model, spatial lag, Uzamsal Gecikme Modeli (SAR / Spatial Lag)
相关	6	5
摘要	Spatial sensitivity analysis for causality systematically tests whether a causal estimate derived from georeferenced data holds up as spatial structure, spillovers, and the choice of spatial weights matrix are varied. Because nearby units often share unmeasured confounders — soil quality, local infrastructure, neighbourhood norms — a naive regression may yield biased causal estimates. This method reveals how fragile or robust a claimed causal effect is to alternative spatial specifications.	The Spatial Lag Model is an autoregressive regression that assumes spatial dependence in the dependent variable itself: the outcome values of neighbouring units enter the model as an explanatory term (ρWy). It was formalised in Anselin's Spatial Econometrics (1988) and developed further by LeSage and Pace (2009), and it decomposes spillover effects into direct, indirect, and total impacts.