方法对比

	空间匹配估计量	空间回归不连续设计 (Spatial RDD)
领域	因果推断	因果推断
方法族	Regression model	Regression model
起源年份	2000s–2010s	2010s
提出者	Extension of Abadie & Imbens (2006) matching estimator to spatial settings; geographic applications developed in urban/environmental econometrics literature	Popularized by Dell (2010); formalized for geographic boundaries by Keele & Titiunik (2015)
类型	Quasi-experimental causal inference	Quasi-experimental causal inference
开创性文献	Abadie, A., & Imbens, G. W. (2006). Large Sample Properties of Matching Estimators for Average Treatment Effects. Econometrica, 74(1), 235-267.	Dell, M. (2010). The Persistent Effects of Peru's Mining Mita. Econometrica, 78(6), 1863-1903.
别名	geographic matching estimator, spatial nearest-neighbor matching, location-based matching estimator, spatially-weighted matching	Spatial RDD, Geographic RDD, Border RD Design, Geographic Discontinuity Design
相关	6	4
摘要	The Spatial Matching Estimator estimates causal treatment effects by pairing each treated geographic unit with one or more similar untreated units nearby, exploiting the assumption that units close in space share similar unobserved characteristics. By restricting matches to a geographic neighbourhood or weighting by spatial proximity, the method controls for location-specific confounders that standard matching ignores.	Spatial Regression Discontinuity Design uses a geographic or administrative boundary as the threshold that assigns units to treatment. Observations just inside one side of the boundary are compared with those just outside it, exploiting the near-random variation in treatment status near the cutoff to recover a local causal effect. The approach is widely used in economics, political science, and public health when policies or institutions change sharply at a border.