方法对比

	空间边际结构模型	逆概率治疗加权法 (IPW / IPTW)
领域	因果推断	因果推断
方法族	Regression model	Regression model
起源年份	2000s–2010s	2000
提出者	Robins, Hernan & Brumback (MSM foundation, 2000); spatial extensions developed in spatial epidemiology literature	Robins, Hernán & Brumback
类型	Causal inference / spatial weighting	Causal inference weighting estimator
开创性文献	Robins, J. M., Hernan, M. A., & Brumback, B. (2000). Marginal structural models and causal inference in epidemiology. Epidemiology, 11(5), 550-560.	Robins, J. M., Hernán, M. A., & Brumback, B. (2000). Marginal Structural Models and Causal Inference in Epidemiology. Epidemiology, 11(5), 550-560.
别名	Spatial MSM, Geospatial MSM, Spatial IPW-MSM, Space-time marginal structural model	IPW, IPTW, inverse probability of treatment weighting, marginal structural model weighting
相关	6	5
摘要	The Spatial Marginal Structural Model (Spatial MSM) extends the classical marginal structural model to settings where units are geographically distributed and spatial dependencies — such as neighborhood spillovers, clustering, and spatial confounding — may bias causal estimates. It estimates causal effects of spatially varying exposures by constructing inverse probability weights that account for both individual covariates and spatial location, then fitting a weighted outcome model in the resulting pseudo-population.	Inverse Probability Weighting is a causal-inference method that assigns each observation a weight equal to the inverse of its probability of receiving the treatment it actually received. Introduced by Robins, Hernán and Brumback (2000) for marginal structural models, it builds a pseudo-population in which treatment is independent of measured confounders, balancing selection bias.