方法对比

	Social Support Assessment	Rapid Assessment Instrument
领域	Social Work	Social Work
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1988	2002
提出者	Multiple traditions; perceived-support scale by Zimet et al., buffering theory by Cohen & Wills	Walter W. Hudson and the clinical-measurement tradition; codified by Springer, Abell & Hudson
类型	Assessment of the structure, function, and perceived adequacy of a client's social support	Brief, standardized, self-report measure for repeated use in practice
开创性文献	Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52(1), 30–41.	Springer, D. W., Abell, N., & Hudson, W. W. (2002). Creating and validating rapid assessment instruments for practice and research: Part 1. Research on Social Work Practice, 12(3), 408–439.
别名	Social Support Measurement, Perceived Social Support Assessment, Social Support Network Assessment, Social Support Inventory	RAI, Rapid Assessment Instruments, Brief Standardized Self-Report Scale, Clinical Measurement Package Scales
相关	4	4
摘要	Social support assessment is the systematic appraisal of the people and resources a client can draw on, the kinds of support they provide, and how adequate that support feels relative to the client's needs. Drawing on the structural-functional theory of support and on validated instruments such as the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, it gives social workers a structured way to map who is in a client's network, what emotional, instrumental, informational, and appraisal support those ties offer, and where gaps leave the client vulnerable — information that is central to strengths-based intervention and care planning.	A rapid assessment instrument (RAI) is a short, standardized, self-report measure designed to be completed quickly and repeatedly so that a social worker can assess the magnitude of a client's problem, compare it against a validated clinical cutoff, and monitor change over the course of an intervention. The format was championed by Walter Hudson, whose Clinical Measurement Package scales set the template, and was systematized for practitioners by Springer, Abell, and Hudson, who laid out how to create and validate such instruments for practice and research.