方法对比

	Social Support Assessment	Ecomap Analysis
领域	Social Work	Social Work
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1988	1978
提出者	Multiple traditions; perceived-support scale by Zimet et al., buffering theory by Cohen & Wills	Ann Hartman
类型	Assessment of the structure, function, and perceived adequacy of a client's social support	Graphical, qualitative person-in-environment assessment tool
开创性文献	Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52(1), 30–41.	Hartman, A. (1978). Diagrammatic assessment of family relationships. Social Casework, 59(8), 465–476.
别名	Social Support Measurement, Perceived Social Support Assessment, Social Support Network Assessment, Social Support Inventory	Ecomap, Eco-Map, Ecological Map, Hartman Ecomap
相关	4	3
摘要	Social support assessment is the systematic appraisal of the people and resources a client can draw on, the kinds of support they provide, and how adequate that support feels relative to the client's needs. Drawing on the structural-functional theory of support and on validated instruments such as the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, it gives social workers a structured way to map who is in a client's network, what emotional, instrumental, informational, and appraisal support those ties offer, and where gaps leave the client vulnerable — information that is central to strengths-based intervention and care planning.	An ecomap is a graphical map of a household or individual set within their social environment, showing the connections between the focal system and the external systems around it — extended family, work, school, health care, friends, agencies, religion, and recreation — and coding each connection as strong, tenuous, or stressful, with arrows for the flow of energy and resources. Ecomap analysis is the practice of drawing and interpreting this map to assess the person-in-environment, the central organizing concept of social work. It was introduced by Ann Hartman in 1978.