方法对比

	Social Practice Theory Analysis	Value-Belief-Norm Model (VBN)
领域	Environmental Sociology	Environmental Sociology
方法族	Process / pipeline	Regression model
起源年份	2012	1999
提出者	Andreas Reckwitz; Elizabeth Shove, Mika Pantzar & Matt Watson	Paul C. Stern, Thomas Dietz, Troy Abel, Gregory Guagnano & Linda Kalof
类型	Qualitative framework analyzing practices as the unit of consumption	Causal-chain model of pro-environmental behavior
开创性文献	Reckwitz, A. (2002). Toward a Theory of Social Practices: A Development in Culturalist Theorizing. European Journal of Social Theory, 5(2), 243-263.	Stern, P. C., Dietz, T., Abel, T., Guagnano, G. A., & Kalof, L. (1999). A Value-Belief-Norm Theory of Support for Social Movements: The Case of Environmentalism. Human Ecology Review, 6(2), 81-97.
别名	Practice Theory Analysis, Theories of Practice (Consumption), Materials-Competences-Meanings Analysis, Practice-Based Consumption Analysis	VBN Theory, Value-Belief-Norm Theory, Stern VBN Model, Values-Beliefs-Norms Causal Chain
相关	4	3
摘要	Social practice theory analysis explains consumption and everyday behavior, including energy and resource use, by making the practice rather than the individual the unit of analysis. Andreas Reckwitz's 2002 synthesis defined a practice as a routinized type of behaving that links bodily and mental activities, things, knowledge, and meaning, drawing together strands from Bourdieu, Giddens, and others into a coherent culturalist alternative to choice-based theories. Elizabeth Shove, Mika Pantzar, and Matt Watson's The Dynamics of Social Practice operationalized this for empirical research, proposing that practices are constituted by three elements, materials, competences, and meanings, that must be actively linked in performance. The analytical move is decisive for sustainability: instead of asking how to change attitudes or nudge choices, the approach asks how resource-intensive practices like showering, driving, or heating come to be normal and how they might be reconfigured. It treats people as carriers of practices rather than as sovereign decision-makers. The result reframes environmental problems as problems of how practices are organized and reproduced.	The value-belief-norm (VBN) model explains pro-environmental behavior as the end of a causal chain that runs from basic human values, through environmental beliefs, to a felt moral obligation that activates action. Paul Stern, Thomas Dietz, and colleagues introduced it in 1999 to account for support for the environmental movement, and Stern elaborated it in 2000 as a general theory of environmentally significant behavior. The chain links Schwartz value orientations (especially biospheric and altruistic values) to an ecological worldview measured by the New Ecological Paradigm, then to awareness of adverse consequences and ascription of responsibility, which in turn activate personal norms — the internalized sense of obligation to act. Those personal norms predict several distinct classes of behavior: environmental activism, non-activist public support, private-sphere behaviors, and behavior in organizations. The model fuses Schwartz's value theory with Schwartz's norm-activation theory and the NEP, and it is typically tested with path analysis or structural equation modeling. VBN remains the leading sociological account of why people act for the environment.