方法对比

	Social Accounting Matrix	Computable General Equilibrium	Input-Output Analysis	Location Quotient
领域	经济学	经济学	经济学	经济学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1962	1960	1936	1960
提出者	Richard Stone; popularized by Graham Pyatt & Jeffery Round	Leif Johansen; developed by Herbert Scarf, John Shoven & John Whalley	Wassily Leontief	Developed in regional science; codified by Walter Isard
类型	Comprehensive, square, double-entry accounting framework	Multi-market numerical equilibrium simulation model	Linear inter-industry accounting and impact model	Descriptive index of relative regional concentration
开创性文献	Pyatt, G., & Round, J. I. (Eds.). (1985). Social Accounting Matrices: A Basis for Planning. Washington, DC: The World Bank. ISBN: 9780821305508	Shoven, J. B., & Whalley, J. (1992). Applying General Equilibrium. Cambridge Surveys of Economic Literature. Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 9780521319867	Leontief, W. W. (1936). Quantitative input and output relations in the economic system of the United States. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 18(3), 105–125.	Isard, W. (1960). Methods of Regional Analysis: An Introduction to Regional Science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN: 9780262090032
别名	SAM, Social Accounting Framework, SAM Multiplier Model	CGE Model, Applied General Equilibrium, AGE Model, Walrasian Simulation Model	Leontief Model, Inter-Industry Analysis, I-O Analysis, Input-Output Model	LQ, Coefficient of Localization, Regional Specialization Ratio
相关	3	3	4	3
摘要	A social accounting matrix (SAM) is a square, double-entry table that records all transactions among the production sectors, factors of production, institutions (households, firms, government), and the rest of the world in an economy for a given year. It extends the input-output table by closing the circular flow of income — connecting how value added becomes factor income, factor income becomes household income, and household income becomes demand — so that every account's receipts (its row) exactly equal its expenditures (its column).	A computable general equilibrium (CGE) model is a numerical simulation of an entire economy in which optimizing producers and consumers interact through markets that all clear simultaneously. Building on Walras's general-equilibrium theory and a benchmark social accounting matrix, a CGE model is calibrated to reproduce a base-year economy and then solved for the new vector of prices and quantities that would prevail under a counterfactual policy — a tax reform, a tariff change, a carbon price — capturing how the shock reverberates and re-equilibrates across every market.	Input-output analysis is a quantitative framework for representing the interdependence between the industries of an economy, introduced by Wassily Leontief in 1936. It records the flows of goods and services between sectors in a transactions table, derives fixed technical coefficients describing how much each industry buys from every other industry per unit of output, and inverts the resulting linear system to trace how an exogenous change in final demand ripples through the entire production structure.	The location quotient (LQ) is a simple descriptive index that measures how concentrated an industry is in a region relative to a larger reference area, usually the nation. It is the ratio of the industry's share of local employment (or output) to its share of national employment. An LQ above one means the region is more specialized in that industry than the nation as a whole; an LQ below one means it is under-represented.