方法对比

	滚雪球抽样	最大变异抽样
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1961	1985 (Lincoln & Guba); elaborated 1990–2002 (Patton)
提出者	Leo A. Goodman	Lincoln & Guba; systematised by Michael Quinn Patton
类型	Non-probability sampling technique	Purposive qualitative sampling strategy
开创性文献	Goodman, L. A. (1961). Snowball sampling. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 32(1), 148–170.	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage. Chapter 5: Purposeful Sampling. ISBN: 978-0761919711
别名	chain-referral sampling, network sampling, respondent-driven sampling, referral sampling	maximum variation sampling, maximum diversity sampling, MVS, heterogeneous sampling
相关	3	5
摘要	Snowball sampling is a non-probability recruitment technique in which initial participants (seeds) refer the researcher to others who meet the study criteria, and those referrals in turn refer further participants. The sample grows incrementally — like a rolling snowball — until the required size or theoretical saturation is reached. It is the method of choice when a target population has no accessible sampling frame, such as undocumented migrants, illicit drug users, survivors of stigmatised experiences, or members of closed professional networks.	Maximum variation sampling is a purposive qualitative sampling strategy in which the researcher deliberately selects cases that span the widest possible range of variation on dimensions central to the study. The goal is not statistical representation but the identification of common patterns that cut across diverse cases as well as the documentation of the unique ways each context shapes the phenomenon under investigation.