方法对比

	单被试实验设计	前测-后测实验设计
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1960s (Sidman 1960; formal applied codification by Kazdin and Baer in 1970s–1980s)	1963 (formalized in Campbell & Stanley)
提出者	Murray Sidman (foundational tactics); B. F. Skinner (applied behavior analysis lineage)	Donald T. Campbell and Julian C. Stanley
类型	Experimental research design	Experimental / quasi-experimental research design
开创性文献	Kazdin, A. E. (1982). Single-Case Research Designs: Methods for Clinical and Applied Settings. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195030440	Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. Rand McNally.
别名	SSED, single-case experimental design, n-of-1 design, intrasubject replication design	pretest-posttest design, before-after design, pre-post design, two-wave experimental design
相关	6	5
摘要	Single-subject experimental design (SSED) establishes experimental control by repeatedly measuring one individual (or a small number of individuals) across baseline and intervention phases, using the participant as their own control. Instead of comparing groups, it compares the participant's own behavior across conditions over time. Widely used in applied behavior analysis, special education, rehabilitation, and clinical psychology, SSED allows causal inference from small or unique samples where group designs are impractical.	The pretest-posttest experimental design measures participants on the outcome variable before and after treatment, typically with random assignment to treatment and control groups. The difference between pre- and post-scores isolates the treatment effect from baseline variation, making this one of the most widely used frameworks in experimental and quasi-experimental research across education, psychology, medicine, and the social sciences.