方法对比

	单盲多臂试验	随机对照试验 (RCT)
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Hypothesis test
起源年份	Mid-to-late 20th century	1948
提出者	Developed within the clinical trials tradition; formalized by Friedman, Furberg, and DeMets and others in the 20th century	James Lind (early precursor, 1747); modern formulation: Austin Bradford Hill & Medical Research Council (1948)
类型	Controlled experimental design	Interventional comparative study
开创性文献	Friedman, L. M., Furberg, C. D., & DeMets, D. L. (2010). Fundamentals of Clinical Trials (4th ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-1441915849	Schulz, K.F., Altman, D.G., Moher, D., for the CONSORT Group (2010). CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials. BMJ, 340, c332.
别名	single-masked multi-arm trial, single-blind multi-group experiment, unidirectional blinding multi-arm design, SB-MAT	RCT, randomised controlled trial, clinical trial, Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma (RCT) Tasarımı
相关	5	7
摘要	A single-blind multi-arm experiment is a controlled experimental design that simultaneously compares three or more treatment conditions while blinding participants — but not investigators — to their group assignment. This configuration reduces response bias driven by participants' expectations, preserves operational feasibility when full blinding is impractical, and allows direct pairwise and omnibus comparisons across multiple arms within a single study.	A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the gold standard experimental design in clinical and health research, in which participants are randomly allocated to a treatment group or a control group so that the effect of an intervention can be measured with the highest possible degree of internal validity. The modern parallel-group RCT was formalized by Austin Bradford Hill and the Medical Research Council in their landmark streptomycin trial of 1948, and its reporting is governed today by the CONSORT 2010 guidelines (Schulz et al., 2010).