方法对比

	单盲多臂试验	多臂实验
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	Mid-to-late 20th century	1990s–2000s (clinical formalization); multi-arm concept implicit in ANOVA-era factorial designs
提出者	Developed within the clinical trials tradition; formalized by Friedman, Furberg, and DeMets and others in the 20th century	Developed within clinical trials methodology; formalized by Parmar, Royston and colleagues (UK MRC CTU, early 2000s)
类型	Controlled experimental design	Experimental design
开创性文献	Friedman, L. M., Furberg, C. D., & DeMets, D. L. (2010). Fundamentals of Clinical Trials (4th ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-1441915849	Royston, P., Parmar, M. K. B., & Qian, W. (2003). Novel designs for multi-arm clinical trials with survival outcomes with an application in ovarian cancer. Statistics in Medicine, 22(14), 2239–2256.
别名	single-masked multi-arm trial, single-blind multi-group experiment, unidirectional blinding multi-arm design, SB-MAT	multi-arm trial, multiple-arm experiment, multi-group experiment, many-arm design
相关	5	5
摘要	A single-blind multi-arm experiment is a controlled experimental design that simultaneously compares three or more treatment conditions while blinding participants — but not investigators — to their group assignment. This configuration reduces response bias driven by participants' expectations, preserves operational feasibility when full blinding is impractical, and allows direct pairwise and omnibus comparisons across multiple arms within a single study.	A multi-arm experiment simultaneously compares three or more treatment or intervention conditions — each called an arm — against a shared control or against one another. By testing multiple alternatives in a single study, it yields more information per participant than running separate two-group experiments sequentially, while controlling the overall Type I error rate through pre-specified comparison strategies.