方法对比

	单盲析因实验	随机对照试验 (RCT)
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Hypothesis test
起源年份	Factorial design: 1926; single-blinding as systematic practice: mid-20th century	1948
提出者	Fisher, R. A. (factorial design); blinding practices formalized in clinical trials literature (20th century)	James Lind (early precursor, 1747); modern formulation: Austin Bradford Hill & Medical Research Council (1948)
类型	Controlled experimental design	Interventional comparative study
开创性文献	Montgomery, D. C. (2017). Design and Analysis of Experiments (9th ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-1119113478	Schulz, K.F., Altman, D.G., Moher, D., for the CONSORT Group (2010). CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials. BMJ, 340, c332.
别名	single-masked factorial trial, single-blind factorial design, SB factorial experiment	RCT, randomised controlled trial, clinical trial, Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma (RCT) Tasarımı
相关	5	7
摘要	A single-blind factorial experiment combines factorial design — simultaneously varying two or more independent factors across all their level combinations — with single-blinding, in which participants are unaware of which treatment condition they have been assigned to while researchers and administrators remain unmasked. This design enables efficient estimation of main effects and interactions while reducing participant-side response bias.	A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the gold standard experimental design in clinical and health research, in which participants are randomly allocated to a treatment group or a control group so that the effect of an intervention can be measured with the highest possible degree of internal validity. The modern parallel-group RCT was formalized by Austin Bradford Hill and the Medical Research Council in their landmark streptomycin trial of 1948, and its reporting is governed today by the CONSORT 2010 guidelines (Schulz et al., 2010).