方法对比

	仿真辅助失效模式与影响分析	故障树分析 (FTA)
领域	实验设计	可靠性
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1949 (FMEA); simulation-assisted variant: 1980s–1990s	1981
提出者	FMEA originates from US MIL-P-1629 (1949); simulation integration developed in reliability engineering from the 1980s–1990s	Vesely et al. (US NRC Fault Tree Handbook)
类型	Reliability and risk analysis method	Deductive top-down failure analysis
开创性文献	Stamatis, D. H. (2003). Failure Mode and Effect Analysis: FMEA from Theory to Execution (2nd ed.). ASQ Quality Press. ISBN: 978-0873895989	Vesely, W. E., Goldberg, F. F., Roberts, N. H., & Haasl, D. F. (1981). Fault Tree Handbook (NUREG-0492). U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
别名	Simulation-FMEA, Monte Carlo FMEA, Simulation-based FMEA, SA-FMEA	FTA, Fault Tree Method, Top-Down Reliability Analysis, Hata Ağacı Analizi
相关	6	3
摘要	Simulation-assisted FMEA enhances the classical Failure Mode and Effects Analysis by replacing point-estimate occurrence ratings with probabilistic simulation — typically Monte Carlo — to quantify failure probability distributions across a system's components. This yields statistically grounded Risk Priority Numbers (RPNs) rather than expert guesses, enabling more rigorous identification and prioritization of critical failure modes in complex engineering systems.	Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) is a top-down, deductive reliability method that begins with an undesired top-level failure event and systematically traces backward through chains of contributing causes using Boolean logic gates (AND, OR). First formalized by Watson at Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1961 and later standardized by Vesely, Goldberg, Roberts, and Haasl in the landmark 1981 NRC Fault Tree Handbook, FTA has become a cornerstone of quantitative risk assessment in nuclear, aerospace, and industrial safety engineering.