方法对比

	短问卷测量不变性	验证性因子分析（CFA）
领域	心理测量学	心理测量学
方法族	Latent structure	Latent structure
起源年份	2000s	1969
提出者	Adapted from Vandenberg & Lance (2000) and Millsap & Kwok (2004) invariance framework applied to short-form scales	Karl Gustav Jöreskog
类型	Measurement equivalence testing	Hypothesis-testing latent variable model
开创性文献	Millsap, R. E., & Kwok, O. M. (2004). Evaluating the impact of partial factor loading and intercept invariance on selection in two populations. Psychological Methods, 9(1), 93–115.	Jöreskog, K. G. (1969). A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 34(2), 183–202.
别名	SF-MI, abbreviated scale invariance, short-form factorial invariance, brief measure invariance	CFA, confirmatory FA, measurement model, restricted factor analysis
相关	6	4
摘要	Short form measurement invariance testing evaluates whether an abbreviated version of a psychological scale measures the same latent construct equivalently across groups or conditions. It applies the hierarchical multigroup confirmatory factor analysis invariance sequence — configural, metric, scalar, and strict — specifically to short-form instruments, ensuring that brevity does not introduce measurement bias when comparing subgroups.	Confirmatory factor analysis tests a researcher-specified factor structure against observed data. Unlike exploratory approaches, the researcher decides in advance which indicators load on which latent factor, and the model is evaluated by how closely the implied covariance matrix reproduces the sample covariance matrix. CFA is central to scale validation, construct validity assessment, and measurement invariance testing.