方法对比

	简式项目反应理论 (SF-IRT)	测量不变性检验
领域	心理测量学	心理测量学
方法族	Latent structure	Latent structure
起源年份	1980s–2000s	2000
提出者	Multiple contributors; IRT adapted to short-form contexts from Lord & Novick (1968) and subsequent applied psychometricians	Vandenberg & Lance
类型	Latent trait / item calibration model	Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis procedure
开创性文献	Embretson, S. E. & Reise, S. P. (2000). Item Response Theory for Psychologists. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 978-0805828191	Vandenberg, R. J., & Lance, C. E. (2000). A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature. Organizational Research Methods, 3(1), 4–70.
别名	SF-IRT, abbreviated scale IRT, short-form calibration, shortened instrument IRT	Factorial Invariance, Measurement Equivalence, Configural-Metric-Scalar Testing, Ölçüm Değişmezliği
相关	6	3
摘要	Short-form item response theory applies IRT calibration and scoring to abbreviated or shortened psychological scales. It uses item information functions to guide which items to retain from a full-length instrument, then estimates latent trait scores from the reduced item set while preserving psychometric rigor and linkage to the full-scale metric.	Measurement invariance testing is a sequence of nested confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models that examines whether a psychological scale measures the same latent construct in the same way across distinct groups or time points. Systematized and popularized by Vandenberg and Lance (2000), the procedure tests a hierarchy of constraints — from identical factor patterns to identical item intercepts — so that researchers can justify meaningful group comparisons on latent means.