方法对比

	Shapley Decomposition of Inequality	Gini Coefficient
领域	经济学	Sociology
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2013	1912
提出者	Anthony Shorrocks (working paper 1999; published 2013)	Corrado Gini
类型	Axiomatic decomposition procedure	Scalar measure of statistical dispersion / inequality
开创性文献	Shorrocks, A. F. (2013). Decomposition procedures for distributional analysis: a unified framework based on the Shapley value. Journal of Economic Inequality, 11(1), 99–126.	Ceriani, L., & Verme, P. (2012). The origins of the Gini index: extracts from Variabilità e Mutabilità (1912) by Corrado Gini. The Journal of Economic Inequality, 10(3), 421–443.
别名	Shapley Decomposition, Shorrocks Shapley Decomposition, Factor Decomposition of Inequality, Shapley Value Distributional Decomposition	Gini index, Gini ratio, Gini concentration ratio, G
相关	4	5
摘要	The Shapley decomposition, formalized for distributional analysis by Anthony Shorrocks (in a widely circulated 1999 working paper, published in 2013), is a general procedure for attributing an inequality or poverty statistic to its contributing factors — income sources, population subgroups, or determinants. It borrows the Shapley value from cooperative game theory: each factor's contribution is its average marginal effect on the indicator across all possible orders in which factors could be eliminated. The result is an exact, symmetric, residual-free decomposition that applies to any indicator, even those (like the Gini) that have no natural analytic decomposition of their own.	The Gini coefficient is the most widely used single-number summary of inequality in a distribution such as income or wealth. Introduced by the Italian statistician Corrado Gini in 1912, it equals twice the area between the Lorenz curve and the line of perfect equality, ranging from 0 when everyone has the same amount to a maximum approaching 1 when one unit holds everything.