方法对比

	传感器数据收集	现场记录
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1990s–2000s (widespread deployment with IoT ~2000s)	Late 19th century (formalized in 20th century)
提出者	Multidisciplinary; sensor networks formalized in engineering and computer science from the 1990s onward	Rooted in 19th-century anthropology and sociology; systematized by ethnographers such as Bronislaw Malinowski and later Robert Emerson et al.
类型	Quantitative / mixed data collection technique	Qualitative data collection and recording technique
开创性文献	Chong, C.-Y., & Kumar, S. P. (2003). Sensor networks: Evolution, opportunities, and challenges. Proceedings of the IEEE, 91(8), 1247–1256.	Emerson, R. M., Fretz, R. I., & Shaw, L. L. (1995). Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes. University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 978-0226206813
别名	sensor measurement, instrumented data collection, physical sensor logging, IoT data collection	fieldnotes, observational notes, ethnographic notes, jottings
相关	5	6
摘要	Sensor data collection uses physical or digital instruments to automatically capture quantitative measurements from the environment, human bodies, or machines over time. Common sensors measure temperature, motion, heart rate, location, light, sound, or chemical properties. Because the recording is automated and continuous, the method can produce high-frequency datasets with minimal researcher burden, making it central to IoT, environmental monitoring, wearable research, and behavioral studies.	Field notes are detailed written records created by researchers during or immediately after direct observation in a naturalistic setting. They capture what is seen, heard, and experienced — including behaviors, interactions, physical environments, and the researcher's own analytic impressions — forming the primary data source for ethnographic and observational studies.