方法对比

	传感器数据收集	API数据收集
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1990s–2000s (widespread deployment with IoT ~2000s)	2000s–2010s (formalized as a research method)
提出者	Multidisciplinary; sensor networks formalized in engineering and computer science from the 1990s onward	Emerged from computational social science and web 2.0 platform practices
类型	Quantitative / mixed data collection technique	Digital data collection technique
开创性文献	Chong, C.-Y., & Kumar, S. P. (2003). Sensor networks: Evolution, opportunities, and challenges. Proceedings of the IEEE, 91(8), 1247–1256.	Salganik, M. J. (2018). Bit by Bit: Social Research in the Digital Age. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 9780691158648
别名	sensor measurement, instrumented data collection, physical sensor logging, IoT data collection	API data harvesting, API-driven data collection, programmatic data retrieval, API research data collection
相关	5	5
摘要	Sensor data collection uses physical or digital instruments to automatically capture quantitative measurements from the environment, human bodies, or machines over time. Common sensors measure temperature, motion, heart rate, location, light, sound, or chemical properties. Because the recording is automated and continuous, the method can produce high-frequency datasets with minimal researcher burden, making it central to IoT, environmental monitoring, wearable research, and behavioral studies.	API-based data collection is a systematic technique in which a researcher sends structured requests to an application programming interface to retrieve data automatically from digital platforms, databases, or services. It is the primary method used in computational social science to gather large-scale social media records, government open data, financial data streams, and scientific repository content in machine-readable formats such as JSON or XML, enabling reproducible and scalable data acquisition that manual collection cannot match.