方法对比

	敏感性分析与可靠性分析	失效模式与影响分析 (FMEA)
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1969 (importance measures); 2000s (global SA integration)	1949 (military); widespread industrial adoption 1970s–1980s
提出者	Birnbaum (importance measures, 1969); Saltelli et al. (global SA formalization, 2000s)	U.S. Military / NASA (formalized by MIL-P-1629, 1949)
类型	Quantitative integrated engineering method	Proactive risk analysis technique
开创性文献	Saltelli, A., Ratto, M., Andres, T., Campolongo, F., Cariboni, J., Gatelli, D., Saisana, M., & Tarantola, S. (2008). Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer. Wiley. ISBN: 978-0470059975	Stamatis, D. H. (2003). Failure Mode and Effect Analysis: FMEA from Theory to Execution (2nd ed.). ASQ Quality Press. ISBN: 978-0873895989
别名	SA-RA, reliability sensitivity analysis, importance measures in reliability, reliability-based sensitivity analysis	FMEA, Failure Modes and Effects Analysis, FMECA, Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis
相关	5	6
摘要	Sensitivity analysis integrated with reliability analysis is a quantitative engineering method that determines how uncertainty or variation in each system input — such as component failure rates, material properties, or load distributions — propagates into overall system reliability. By computing importance measures for every uncertain parameter, analysts can rank components and assumptions by their influence on system dependability, focusing improvement efforts where they matter most.	Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a structured, proactive risk management technique used to identify potential failure modes in a system, process, or product design, evaluate their consequences, and prioritize corrective actions before failures occur. Originally developed for the U.S. military in 1949 and later adopted by NASA, automotive, and manufacturing industries, FMEA is now a cornerstone quality-engineering tool embedded in standards such as AIAG-VDA and ISO 9001-aligned processes.