方法对比

	基于敏感性分析的意向性抽样	最大变异抽样
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1990s–2000s	1985 (Lincoln & Guba); elaborated 1990–2002 (Patton)
提出者	Rooted in Patton's purposive sampling typology; sensitivity analysis practices formalized in research synthesis literature	Lincoln & Guba; systematised by Michael Quinn Patton
类型	Purposive qualitative sampling with robustness verification	Purposive qualitative sampling strategy
开创性文献	Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (4th ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1412972123	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage. Chapter 5: Purposeful Sampling. ISBN: 978-0761919711
别名	purposive sampling with sensitivity checks, robust purposive sampling, sensitivity-tested purposive selection	maximum variation sampling, maximum diversity sampling, MVS, heterogeneous sampling
相关	5	5
摘要	Sensitivity analysis-based purposive sampling extends conventional purposive sampling by systematically testing whether key findings or case-selection decisions change when the inclusion criteria, selection logic, or boundary conditions are altered. It applies the logic of sensitivity analysis — standard in quantitative research and systematic reviews — to qualitative case selection, giving researchers explicit evidence of how robust their purposive choices are to plausible alternative selection rules.	Maximum variation sampling is a purposive qualitative sampling strategy in which the researcher deliberately selects cases that span the widest possible range of variation on dimensions central to the study. The goal is not statistical representation but the identification of common patterns that cut across diverse cases as well as the documentation of the unique ways each context shapes the phenomenon under investigation.