方法对比
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| 结构方程模型 (SEM)× | 验证性因子分析（CFA）× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域≠ | 统计学 | 心理测量学 |
| 方法族 | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| 起源年份≠ | 1970 | 1969 |
| 提出者≠ | Karl Jöreskog (LISREL framework, 1970s) | Karl Gustav Jöreskog |
| 类型≠ | Latent variable / causal modeling | Hypothesis-testing latent variable model |
| 开创性文献≠ | Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN: 978-1473756540 | Jöreskog, K. G. (1969). A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 34(2), 183–202. DOI ↗ |
| 别名 | Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi (SEM), structural equation modelling, covariance structure analysis, latent variable modeling | CFA, confirmatory FA, measurement model, restricted factor analysis |
| 相关≠ | 5 | 4 |
| 摘要≠ | Structural equation modeling is a multivariate statistical framework that simultaneously estimates a measurement model — relating observed indicators to latent constructs — and a structural model specifying directional or reciprocal relationships among those constructs. Rooted in the LISREL tradition developed by Karl Jöreskog in the 1970s, SEM is the standard tool for testing complex theoretical models in the social, behavioural, and management sciences. | Confirmatory factor analysis tests a researcher-specified factor structure against observed data. Unlike exploratory approaches, the researcher decides in advance which indicators load on which latent factor, and the model is evaluated by how closely the implied covariance matrix reproduces the sample covariance matrix. CFA is central to scale validation, construct validity assessment, and measurement invariance testing. |
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