方法对比

	自监督问答	检索增强生成（RAG）
领域	深度学习	文本挖掘
方法族	Machine learning	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2019	2020
提出者	Lewis, P.; Alberti, C. et al. (multiple independent groups ~2019)	Lewis, Patrick et al. (Meta AI / Facebook AI Research)
类型	Self-supervised NLP training paradigm	Hybrid retrieval + generation pipeline
开创性文献	Lewis, P., Denoyer, L., & Riedel, S. (2019). Unsupervised Question Answering by Cloze Translation. Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2019), pp. 4896–4910.	Lewis, P. et al. (2020). Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 33, 9459-9474.
别名	SSQA, unsupervised question answering, self-supervised QA, zero-label question answering	RAG, retrieval-augmented LLM, grounded generation, Erişim Destekli Metin Üretimi (RAG)
相关	1	7
摘要	Self-supervised Question Answering (SSQA) is a training paradigm that automatically generates question-answer pairs from unlabeled text — using cloze translation, span masking, or neural question generation — to train QA models without any human-labeled data. It enables high-quality reading comprehension systems even when annotated datasets are scarce or domain-specific.	Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a natural-language-processing pipeline introduced by Lewis et al. in 2020 that strengthens a large language model (LLM) with evidence fetched at inference time from an external knowledge base. Instead of relying solely on what a model memorised during training, RAG first retrieves the most relevant passages from a document index and then hands those passages to the LLM as context, grounding the generated answer in verifiable, up-to-date information. The approach reduces hallucination and allows domain-specific or time-sensitive knowledge to be injected without retraining the model.