方法对比

	Second-Level Agenda Setting	Framing Analysis
领域	Communication	Communication
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1981	1993
提出者	Maxwell McCombs and colleagues (Weaver et al.)	Robert M. Entman (synthesis); roots in Goffman, Tuchman, Gitlin
类型	Analysis of the transfer of attribute salience from media to public	Interpretive-quantitative analysis of how messages select and emphasize aspects of reality
开创性文献	McCombs, M. E., & Shaw, D. L. (1972). The agenda-setting function of mass media. Public Opinion Quarterly, 36(2), 176–187.	Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51–58.
别名	Attribute agenda setting, Second-level agenda-setting analysis, Attribute salience transfer, İkinci Düzey Gündem Belirleme	Frame analysis, Media framing analysis method, Frame mapping, Çerçeveleme Analizi
相关	4	5
摘要	Second-level (attribute) agenda setting extends classic agenda-setting theory from the salience of objects — which issues or people the public thinks about — to the salience of their attributes — which characteristics the public associates with them. The method codes the attributes media emphasize when covering an object and correlates that attribute agenda with the attributes salient in public perceptions.	Framing analysis is a communication research method for studying how messages select certain aspects of a perceived reality and make them more salient — promoting a particular problem definition, causal interpretation, moral evaluation, and treatment recommendation. Building on Robert Entman's influential 1993 synthesis, it moves beyond counting what is present to reconstructing the organizing ideas, or frames, that give media coverage its meaning and persuasive shape.