方法对比

	Schwartz Value Survey	政治意识形态量表
领域	政治心理学	政治心理学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1992	1990
提出者	Shalom H. Schwartz	Hans-Dieter Klingemann & Norberto Bobbio
类型	Self-report values survey	Self-report
开创性文献	Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 25, 1-65.	Fuchs, D., & Klingemann, H. D. (1990). The left-right schema. In M. Kent Jennings & Jan W. Van Deth (Eds.), Continuities in political action. Berlin: De Gruyter.
别名	SVS, Schwartz Theory of Basic Values, Portrait Values Questionnaire	Left-Right Scale, Ideology Continuum, Political Spectrum Scale
相关	4	3
摘要	The Schwartz Value Survey (SVS) operationalizes Schwartz's (1992) theory of basic human values, which identifies ten (later refined to nineteen) motivationally distinct values organized in a circular structure along two axes: openness to change versus conservation, and self-enhancement versus self-transcendence. It is the most widely used cross-cultural values instrument and underlies much research on the value basis of political ideology.	The Political Ideology Scale measures individual self-placement on a left-right political spectrum, capturing fundamental preferences for government role, economic organization, and social values. The single-item self-placement measure (most common) asks respondents to rate themselves on a 0-10 or 0-100 continuum; multi-item versions assess distinct ideological dimensions (economic policy, social policy, nationalism). The left-right axis remains the dominant organizing principle of political competition globally, predicting party choice, policy preferences, and electoral behavior despite critiques that it oversimplifies multidimensional political space.