方法对比

	Scaling Up Health Interventions	规范化过程理论 (NPT)
领域	实施科学	实施科学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2007	2006
提出者	Simmons, R., Fajans, P., Ghiron, L. (World Health Organization)	May, C. R.
类型	Framework	Framework
开创性文献	Simmons, R., Fajans, P., & Ghiron, L. (Eds.). (2007). Scaling Up Health Service Delivery: From Pilot Innovations to Policies and Programmes. World Health Organization, Geneva.	May, C. R. (2006). A rational model for assessing and evaluating complex interventions in health care. BMC Health Services Research, 6, 86.
别名	scaling up, expansion, scale, dissemination	NPT, normalization theory, routinization
相关	5	5
摘要	Scaling Up is the deliberate expansion of successful health interventions from pilot sites to entire health systems, regions, or countries. Formalized by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Simmons et al. (2007), scaling up is distinct from simple dissemination; it requires systematic planning, financial modeling, capacity building, and policy alignment to ensure interventions work at scale. A pilot that succeeds brilliantly with champion leadership, dedicated funding, and motivated staff may fail when scaled to routine settings with limited resources. Scaling Up frameworks help practitioners anticipate and overcome these challenges.	Normalization Process Theory (NPT) is a sociological framework developed by Carl May and colleagues to explain how new interventions become routinely embedded ('normalized') in organizational and clinical practice. Unlike efficiency-focused frameworks that measure adoption and fidelity, NPT explains the social processes through which interventions transition from external innovations to normal practice. NPT identifies four key mechanisms (Coherence, Cognitive Participation, Collective Action, Reflexive Monitoring) that collectively determine whether an intervention becomes 'the way we do things here' or remains a temporary project.