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| 安全库存与订货点模型× | 新报贩模型× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 运筹学 | 运筹学 |
| 方法族 | Regression model | Regression model |
| 起源年份≠ | 1998 | 1951 |
| 提出者≠ | Silver, Pyke & Peterson | Arrow, Harris & Marschak |
| 类型≠ | Stochastic inventory control model | Stochastic single-period inventory optimization |
| 开创性文献≠ | Silver, E. A., Pyke, D. F., & Peterson, R. (1998). Inventory Management and Production Planning and Scheduling (3rd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0-471-11947-0 | Arrow, K. J., Harris, T., & Marschak, J. (1951). Optimal inventory policy. Econometrica, 19(3), 250–272. DOI ↗ |
| 别名 | Buffer Stock, Reserve Stock, Reorder-Point Model, Emniyet Stoğu | Newsboy Model, Single-Period Inventory Model, Christmas Tree Problem, Gazete Satıcısı Modeli |
| 相关 | 3 | 3 |
| 摘要≠ | Safety stock is an additional quantity of inventory held beyond expected demand during a replenishment lead time, designed to protect against stockouts caused by demand or supply uncertainty. Reorder-point models formalize this buffer by setting a trigger inventory level at which a new order is placed. Systematically developed within the stochastic inventory-control framework by Silver, Pyke, and Peterson (1998), the approach translates a desired customer-service level into a precise buffer quantity using the statistics of demand and lead-time variability. | The Newsvendor Model is a single-period stochastic inventory optimization framework that determines the profit-maximizing order quantity when demand is uncertain and unsold units cannot be carried forward. Formally introduced by Arrow, Harris, and Marschak (1951) in their foundational work on optimal inventory policy, the model balances the cost of ordering too much (overage) against the cost of ordering too little (underage) to yield a closed-form optimality condition known as the critical ratio. |
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