方法对比

	RSA密码系统	AES (Rijndael)	差分分析	HMAC
领域	密码学	密码学	密码学	密码学
方法族	Machine learning	Machine learning	Machine learning	Machine learning
起源年份	1978	2001	1990	1997
提出者	Ronald Rivest	Joan Daemen	Eli Biham	Hugo Krawczyk
类型	asymmetric encryption algorithm	symmetric encryption algorithm	statistical attack on block ciphers	cryptographic authentication mechanism
开创性文献	Rivest, R. L., Shamir, A., & Adleman, L. (1978). A method for obtaining digital signatures and public-key cryptosystems. Communications of the ACM, 21(2), 120-126.	Daemen, J., & Rijmen, V. (2002). The Design of Rijndael: AES - The Advanced Encryption Standard. Springer-Verlag. ISBN: 978-3540425809	Biham, E., & Shamir, A. (1990). Differential cryptanalysis of DES-like cryptosystems. In Advances in Cryptology - CRYPTO 1990, LNCS 537, pp. 2-21.	Krawczyk, H., Bellare, M., & Crechanko, R. (1997). HMAC: Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication. RFC 2104.
别名	RSA encryption, RSA public-key cryptography	Rijndael, AES encryption, FIPS 197	differential attack, differential path, differential probability	HMAC, keyed hash function
相关	4	4	3	3
摘要	RSA is a foundational public-key cryptosystem developed by Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman in 1978. It enables secure encryption and digital signatures by using a pair of mathematically linked keys: a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption. RSA's security relies on the computational difficulty of factoring large composite numbers into their prime factors.	The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), also known as Rijndael, is a symmetric block cipher adopted as the official encryption standard by the U.S. government in 2001. It processes data in 128-bit blocks using 128, 192, or 256-bit keys and performs multiple rounds of substitution, permutation, and mixing operations. AES is the most widely used symmetric encryption algorithm today, securing everything from government communications to everyday internet traffic.	Differential cryptanalysis is a statistical attack technique on symmetric block ciphers that analyzes differences in inputs and outputs to recover secret keys. Introduced by Eli Biham and Adi Shamir in 1990, differential cryptanalysis was the first practical attack on DES that outperformed brute force search. The technique exploits non-random properties of cipher transformations by studying how small changes in plaintext propagate through the cipher rounds. Differential cryptanalysis has shaped cipher design for three decades.	HMAC (Hash-Based Message Authentication Code) is a cryptographic algorithm for authenticating messages using a secret key and a hash function. Standardized in RFC 2104 (1997), HMAC can be combined with any cryptographic hash function (SHA-256, SHA-3, etc.) to create a message authentication code (MAC). HMAC provides both data integrity and authentication, detecting both accidental corruption and deliberate tampering, and is widely used in web security (TLS/SSL), API authentication, and network protocols.