方法对比

	稳健重测信度	验证性因子分析（CFA）	克朗巴赫α系数（信度分析）	评分者间信度（Cohen's κ 和 ICC）
领域	心理测量学	心理测量学	统计学	心理测量学
方法族	Latent structure	Latent structure	Latent structure	Latent structure
起源年份	1990s–2000s	1969	1951	1960 (kappa); 1979 (ICC)
提出者	Built on classical test-retest reliability (Pearson, early 1900s); robust extensions formalized by Wilcox and colleagues from the 1990s onward	Karl Gustav Jöreskog	Lee J. Cronbach	Cohen (kappa, 1960); Shrout & Fleiss (ICC, 1979)
类型	Reliability / measurement stability	Hypothesis-testing latent variable model	Reliability / internal consistency coefficient	Reliability / agreement analysis
开创性文献	Wilcox, R. R. (2012). Introduction to Robust Estimation and Hypothesis Testing (3rd ed.). Academic Press. ISBN: 978-0123869838	Jöreskog, K. G. (1969). A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 34(2), 183–202.	Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297–334.	Cohen, J. (1960). A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20(1), 37–46.
别名	robust temporal stability, outlier-resistant retest reliability, robust repeatability coefficient, robust intraclass correlation	CFA, confirmatory FA, measurement model, restricted factor analysis	coefficient alpha, alpha reliability, internal consistency reliability, Güvenilirlik Analizi (Cronbach Alpha)	inter-rater reliability, interrater agreement, rater agreement, Değerlendiriciler Arası Güvenilirlik (Cohen's κ, ICC)
相关	3	4	4	6
摘要	Robust test-retest reliability quantifies how consistently a measure ranks or scores the same individuals across two occasions while protecting the estimate from distortion by outliers and non-normal score distributions. It replaces or supplements classical Pearson-based correlation and standard ICC formulas with robust estimators of location, scale, and association.	Confirmatory factor analysis tests a researcher-specified factor structure against observed data. Unlike exploratory approaches, the researcher decides in advance which indicators load on which latent factor, and the model is evaluated by how closely the implied covariance matrix reproduces the sample covariance matrix. CFA is central to scale validation, construct validity assessment, and measurement invariance testing.	Cronbach's alpha is a coefficient of internal consistency that quantifies the degree to which a set of items on a scale measures the same underlying construct. Introduced by Lee J. Cronbach in 1951, it remains the most widely reported reliability index in social-science, health, and educational research.	Interrater reliability quantifies the degree to which two or more independent raters produce consistent scores when evaluating the same individuals or products. The family encompasses Cohen's kappa, introduced in 1960 for categorical judgments, and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for continuous ratings, together spanning most measurement scenarios encountered in behavioral, health, and educational research.