方法对比

	稳健根本原因分析	失效模式与影响分析 (FMEA)
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1990s–2000s	1949 (military); widespread industrial adoption 1970s–1980s
提出者	Synthesised from RCA practice (Kepner-Tregoe, 1960s) and Taguchi robustness principles (1980s–1990s)	U.S. Military / NASA (formalized by MIL-P-1629, 1949)
类型	Hybrid quality-engineering diagnostic method	Proactive risk analysis technique
开创性文献	Andersen, B., & Fagerhaug, T. (2006). Root Cause Analysis: Simplified Tools and Techniques (2nd ed.). ASQ Quality Press. ISBN: 978-0873896924	Stamatis, D. H. (2003). Failure Mode and Effect Analysis: FMEA from Theory to Execution (2nd ed.). ASQ Quality Press. ISBN: 978-0873895989
别名	Robust RCA, Robustness-Integrated Root Cause Analysis, RRCA	FMEA, Failure Modes and Effects Analysis, FMECA, Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis
相关	6	6
摘要	Robust Root Cause Analysis (Robust RCA) integrates classical root cause investigation techniques — such as the 5-Whys, Ishikawa diagrams, and fault trees — with Taguchi's robustness thinking to identify not only the primary cause of a failure but also the noise factors and variability sources that allow the failure to occur repeatedly. The result is corrective actions that eliminate the root cause and make the system inherently insensitive to future variation.	Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a structured, proactive risk management technique used to identify potential failure modes in a system, process, or product design, evaluate their consequences, and prioritize corrective actions before failures occur. Originally developed for the U.S. military in 1949 and later adopted by NASA, automotive, and manufacturing industries, FMEA is now a cornerstone quality-engineering tool embedded in standards such as AIAG-VDA and ISO 9001-aligned processes.