方法对比

	稳健 Fisher 精确检验	卡方独立性检验
领域	统计学	统计学
方法族	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
起源年份	1935 (base); mid-p robustification 1961+	1900
提出者	Fisher (1935); mid-p extension by Lancaster (1961) and others	Karl Pearson
类型	Robust exact conditional test	Nonparametric test of association
开创性文献	Agresti, A. (2002). Categorical Data Analysis (2nd ed.). Wiley-Interscience. ISBN: 978-0471360933	Pearson, K. (1900). On the criterion that a given system of deviations from the probable in the case of a correlated system of variables is such that it can be reasonably supposed to have arisen from random sampling. Philosophical Magazine, 50(302), 157–175.
别名	mid-p Fisher's exact test, robust exact test for contingency tables, conditional robust Fisher test, Fisher mid-p test	chi-squared test, Pearson's chi-square test, test of independence, ki-kare bağımsızlık testi
相关	3	2
摘要	The robust Fisher's exact test extends Fisher's classic exact test for contingency tables by applying conservative-correcting adjustments — most commonly the mid-p correction — to reduce the extreme conservatism of the standard exact test. This produces better-calibrated Type I error rates while maintaining validity in small and sparse samples.	The chi-square test of independence is a nonparametric hypothesis test that examines whether two categorical variables are associated by comparing observed and expected frequencies in a cross-tabulation. It rests on the chi-square criterion introduced by Karl Pearson in 1900.