方法对比

	稳健的失效模式与影响分析	故障树分析 (FTA)
领域	实验设计	可靠性
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1980s–1990s	1981
提出者	Extension of traditional FMEA (MIL-P-1629, 1949) integrated with Taguchi robust design philosophy (Genichi Taguchi, 1980s)	Vesely et al. (US NRC Fault Tree Handbook)
类型	Risk analysis with variability quantification	Deductive top-down failure analysis
开创性文献	Stamatis, D. H. (2003). Failure Mode and Effect Analysis: FMEA from Theory to Execution (2nd ed.). ASQ Quality Press. ISBN: 978-0873895989	Vesely, W. E., Goldberg, F. F., Roberts, N. H., & Haasl, D. F. (1981). Fault Tree Handbook (NUREG-0492). U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
别名	Robust FMEA, Noise-Aware FMEA, Variability-Integrated FMEA, Robustness-Based FMEA	FTA, Fault Tree Method, Top-Down Reliability Analysis, Hata Ağacı Analizi
相关	4	3
摘要	Robust Failure Mode and Effects Analysis extends the classical FMEA framework by explicitly incorporating noise factors, parameter variability, and environmental variation into the risk assessment process. Rather than treating failure likelihood as a single deterministic estimate, it uses robust design principles — most notably from Taguchi's quality engineering — to evaluate how process variability and uncontrollable noise factors influence the probability and severity of each failure mode, yielding risk priority numbers that reflect real-world variability.	Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) is a top-down, deductive reliability method that begins with an undesired top-level failure event and systematically traces backward through chains of contributing causes using Boolean logic gates (AND, OR). First formalized by Watson at Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1961 and later standardized by Vesely, Goldberg, Roberts, and Haasl in the landmark 1981 NRC Fault Tree Handbook, FTA has become a cornerstone of quantitative risk assessment in nuclear, aerospace, and industrial safety engineering.