方法对比

	基于风险的可靠性分析	故障树分析 (FTA)
领域	实验设计	可靠性
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1960s–1990s (risk-informed frameworks codified ~1980s–1990s)	1981
提出者	Multiple contributors; formalized in reliability engineering literature from the 1960s onward (MIL-HDBK-217, IEC 60300 series)	Vesely et al. (US NRC Fault Tree Handbook)
类型	Quantitative / semi-quantitative engineering analysis	Deductive top-down failure analysis
开创性文献	Modarres, M., Kaminskiy, M., & Krivtsov, V. (2006). Reliability Engineering and Risk Analysis: A Practical Guide (2nd ed.). CRC Press. ISBN: 978-0849392016	Vesely, W. E., Goldberg, F. F., Roberts, N. H., & Haasl, D. F. (1981). Fault Tree Handbook (NUREG-0492). U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
别名	RBRA, risk-informed reliability analysis, risk-based dependability analysis, probabilistic risk and reliability assessment	FTA, Fault Tree Method, Top-Down Reliability Analysis, Hata Ağacı Analizi
相关	6	3
摘要	Risk-based reliability analysis (RBRA) is an engineering methodology that combines classical reliability analysis — quantifying failure rates, component lifetimes, and system dependability — with risk assessment frameworks that weigh the severity and consequences of each failure mode. By ranking failures according to both their likelihood and their impact, RBRA guides engineers in allocating inspection, maintenance, and redesign resources where they matter most, rather than treating all potential failures as equally important.	Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) is a top-down, deductive reliability method that begins with an undesired top-level failure event and systematically traces backward through chains of contributing causes using Boolean logic gates (AND, OR). First formalized by Watson at Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1961 and later standardized by Vesely, Goldberg, Roberts, and Haasl in the landmark 1981 NRC Fault Tree Handbook, FTA has become a cornerstone of quantitative risk assessment in nuclear, aerospace, and industrial safety engineering.