方法对比
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| 基于风险的控制图× | 控制图× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 实验设计 | 实验设计 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 1956 (economic design); refined through 1980s–2000s | 1924 (first use); 1931 (seminal book) |
| 提出者≠ | A. J. Duncan (economic design, 1956); T. J. Lorenzen & L. C. Vance (unified economic model, 1986) | Walter A. Shewhart (Bell Labs) |
| 类型≠ | Quantitative process monitoring method | Statistical monitoring and control technique |
| 开创性文献≠ | Lorenzen, T. J., & Vance, L. C. (1986). The economic design of control charts: A unified approach. Technometrics, 28(1), 3–10. DOI ↗ | Shewhart, W. A. (1931). Economic Control of Quality of Manufactured Product. Van Nostrand. link ↗ |
| 别名 | economic control chart, risk-integrated SPC, cost-based control chart, economic design of control charts | Shewhart chart, process-behavior chart, SPC chart, quality control chart |
| 相关 | 6 | 6 |
| 摘要≠ | A risk-based control chart extends the classical Shewhart control chart by explicitly incorporating the costs and probabilities of two error types — false alarms (Type I) and missed shifts (Type II) — along with sampling costs, into the design of chart parameters. Rather than using arbitrary 3-sigma limits, the method selects sample size, sampling interval, and control limits to minimise the total expected cost or risk of operating the monitoring scheme. | A control chart is a time-series graph with statistically derived upper and lower control limits that separates the natural, random variation of a process (common cause) from unusual, assignable variation (special cause). Invented by Walter Shewhart at Bell Labs in 1924, control charts remain the foundational tool of Statistical Process Control and are used across manufacturing, healthcare, software, and service industries to monitor whether a process remains stable and predictable over time. |
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