方法对比

	风险调整的Kaplan-Meier分析	倾向得分匹配
领域	流行病学	研究统计学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2001–2004 (formal statistical framework for weighted KM curves)	1983
提出者	Conceptual basis: Kaplan & Meier (1958); risk-adjustment via IPTW formalised by Hernán, Brumback & Robins (2001), with practical implementation by Cole & Hernán (2004)	Paul Rosenbaum and Donald Rubin
类型	Adjusted non-parametric survival method	Method
开创性文献	Cole, S. R., & Hernan, M. A. (2004). Adjusted survival curves with inverse probability weights. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 75(1), 45–49.	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41–55.
别名	weighted Kaplan-Meier, IPTW-adjusted Kaplan-Meier, propensity-score-weighted survival curves, adjusted survival curves	PSM, propensity score weighting, covariate balance
相关	5	3
摘要	Risk-adjusted Kaplan-Meier analysis combines the non-parametric Kaplan-Meier estimator with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) or similar risk-adjustment procedures to produce survival curves that are comparable across groups as if the groups had identical distributions of baseline confounders. It is the observational-study analogue of plotting survival curves from a randomised trial.	Propensity score matching (PSM) is a method for reducing confounding bias in observational studies by balancing baseline characteristics between treatment groups, simulating randomization. Developed by Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983), it estimates the probability of receiving treatment given observed covariates, then matches or weights treated and control individuals with similar treatment probabilities. Widely used in medicine, epidemiology, and policy evaluation when randomized trials are infeasible or unethical, enabling estimation of treatment effects while controlling for selection bias.