方法对比

	风险调整病例系列	生存分析
领域	流行病学	研究统计学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1990s–2000s	1958
提出者	Copeland, Jones & Walters (POSSUM score, 1991); broader risk-adjustment methodology developed across surgical and critical care audit literature	Edward L. Kaplan and Paul Meier
类型	Observational study design with statistical risk correction	Method
开创性文献	Copeland, G. P., Jones, D., & Walters, M. (1991). POSSUM: a scoring system for surgical audit. British Journal of Surgery, 78(3), 355–360.	Kaplan, E. L., & Meier, P. (1958). Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 53(282), 457–481.
别名	risk-stratified case series, adjusted case series, risk-corrected case series	Kaplan-Meier analysis, Cox regression, TTE analysis
相关	5	3
摘要	A risk-adjusted case series is an observational study design that reports outcomes for a consecutive or defined group of patients undergoing the same procedure or sharing a condition, while statistically correcting for differences in patient-level baseline risk. Rather than presenting raw complication or mortality rates, it compares observed outcomes against expected rates derived from a validated scoring model (e.g., POSSUM, APACHE, ASA grade), enabling fairer evaluation of clinical performance across institutions or over time.	Survival analysis is a collection of statistical methods for modeling time from a defined starting point until an event of interest occurs (disease, recovery, death, equipment failure). Kaplan and Meier's nonparametric estimator (1958) and David Cox's proportional hazards model (1972) jointly enabled analysis of censored data—individuals whose event times are unknown because they left the study or were still event-free at follow-up. Indispensable in oncology, cardiology, infectious disease research, engineering reliability, and any field where time-to-event matters.