方法对比
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| 回顾性诊断准确性研究× | 回顾性队列研究× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 流行病学 | 流行病学 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | Formalized 2000s; STARD 2003, revised 2015 | Mid-20th century (widely formalized 1950s–1970s) |
| 提出者≠ | Formalized through the STARD initiative led by Patrick Bossuyt and colleagues | Systematic use attributed to early 20th-century occupational epidemiology; formalized in modern epidemiological theory by Brian MacMahon and others |
| 类型≠ | Observational, retrospective study design | Observational analytic study |
| 开创性文献≠ | Bossuyt, P. M., Reitsma, J. B., Bruns, D. E., et al. (2015). STARD 2015: An Updated List of Essential Items for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy Studies. BMJ, 351, h5527. DOI ↗ | Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641 |
| 别名 | retrospective DAS, retrospective test accuracy study, retrospective index test evaluation, historical diagnostic accuracy study | historical cohort study, non-concurrent cohort study, retrospective follow-up study, historical prospective study |
| 相关≠ | 5 | 6 |
| 摘要≠ | A retrospective diagnostic accuracy study evaluates how well a diagnostic test (the index test) correctly identifies a target condition by applying it to previously collected data or archived specimens alongside a reference standard. Because both index test results and reference standard results are drawn from existing records or stored material rather than generated prospectively, this design is faster and less costly than a prospective counterpart — but carries specific methodological risks that must be controlled to produce valid estimates of sensitivity, specificity, and related measures. | A retrospective cohort study assembles a group of individuals who share a common starting point and reconstructs their exposure history and subsequent outcomes entirely from pre-existing records. Because the data have already been collected before the study begins, the design is far faster and cheaper than a prospective cohort; however, the researcher must work with whatever information was recorded at the time rather than collecting purpose-built measurements. |
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