方法对比
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| 回顾性横断面流行病学研究× | 横断面流行病学研究× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 流行病学 | 流行病学 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | Mid–late 20th century | 1960s (formal codification); widely practiced since mid-20th century |
| 提出者≠ | Epidemiology tradition (formalized in mid-20th century; Rothman, Greenland and others) | Classical epidemiology tradition; systematized by Brian MacMahon and Thomas Pugh (1960s) |
| 类型≠ | Observational study design | Observational, descriptive/analytic epidemiological design |
| 开创性文献≠ | Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641 | Kelsey, J. L., Whittemore, A. S., Evans, A. S., & Thompson, W. D. (1996). Methods in Observational Epidemiology (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195080407 |
| 别名 | retrospective cross-sectional survey, record-based cross-sectional study, retrospective prevalence study, secondary-data cross-sectional study | prevalence study, cross-sectional survey, transversal study, cross-sectional design |
| 相关≠ | 5 | 6 |
| 摘要≠ | A retrospective cross-sectional epidemiological study measures the prevalence of exposures and outcomes at a single analytical time point using data that were originally recorded in the past — such as medical records, administrative databases, or disease registries. It combines the snapshot logic of a cross-sectional design with the efficiency of retrospective data access, making it a practical choice when prospective data collection is unfeasible or when large existing datasets are available. | A cross-sectional epidemiological study measures the exposure(s) and outcome(s) of interest simultaneously in a defined population at a single point in time (or over a short period). Because there is no follow-up, it is the most efficient observational design for estimating disease prevalence and for generating hypotheses about associations between risk factors and health outcomes. |
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