方法对比
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| 回顾性病例对照研究× | 队列研究× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 流行病学 | 流行病学 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 1950s–1960s (formal methodology) | Mid-20th century (formal epidemiological design codified ~1950s) |
| 提出者≠ | Jerome Cornfield; formalized by Brian MacMahon and others in mid-20th-century epidemiology | Doll & Hill (British Doctors Study, 1951); Snow (cholera, 1854) |
| 类型≠ | Observational analytical study | Observational longitudinal study design |
| 开创性文献≠ | Schlesselman, J. J. (1982). Case-Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195029338 | Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641 |
| 别名 | case-control study, retrospective case-referent study, case-referent design, trohoc study | longitudinal study, follow-up study, panel study, incidence study |
| 相关≠ | 5 | 6 |
| 摘要≠ | A retrospective case-control study identifies individuals who already have an outcome of interest (cases) and a comparable group without it (controls), then looks backward in time using existing records to determine prior exposure to a suspected risk factor. The primary measure of association is the odds ratio. This design is especially efficient for studying rare diseases or outcomes with long latency periods, since the outcome has already occurred before the study begins. | A cohort study assembles a group of individuals who share a common starting point — typically freedom from the outcome of interest — and follows them over time to observe who develops the outcome. By comparing incidence rates between exposed and unexposed subgroups, researchers can estimate relative risk and absolute risk differences. Cohort studies are the gold-standard observational design for measuring disease incidence and establishing temporal relationships between exposure and outcome. |
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