方法对比

	Residential Mobility Biography	Onward Migration Analysis
领域	Migration Studies	Migration Studies
方法族	Process / pipeline	Survival analysis
起源年份	1993	1980
提出者	Clara Mulder; Daniel Courgeau	Migration theory tradition (Conway; Massey et al.)
类型	Retrospective biographical data-collection and trajectory-reconstruction pipeline	Competing-risks hazard analysis of secondary moves
开创性文献	Mulder, C. H. (1993). Migration Dynamics: A Life Course Approach. Thesis Publishers, Amsterdam. ISBN: 9789051701814	Conway, D. (1980). Step-Wise Migration: Toward a Clarification of the Mechanism. International Migration Review, 14(1), 3-14.
别名	Housing History Reconstruction, Retrospective Residential Calendar, Life-Course Housing Biography, Residential Trajectory Mapping	Secondary Migration Analysis, Onward Movement Analysis, Re-migration Analysis, Transit-to-Third-Country Migration
相关	3	3
摘要	A residential mobility biography is the reconstructed, dated record of every place a person has lived, gathered so that the full arc of their housing career can be analyzed against the rest of their life. The method, central to Clara Mulder's life-course study of migration dynamics and to Daniel Courgeau's program linking migration to family and career, is primarily a data-collection and trajectory-description pipeline rather than a statistical estimator: it specifies how to elicit complete dwelling histories through retrospective interviews and life-history calendars, how to verify and date them, and how to describe the resulting sequence of moves. Each move is coded with its distance, the change in housing tenure or type it involved, and the life-course event that accompanied it, so the biography becomes a structured sequence ready for sequence analysis or for feeding into event-history models. The aim is a clean, gap-free residential trajectory in which every move is anchored in time and meaning.	Onward migration analysis studies what happens after a migrant's first move: rather than settling permanently or returning home, many migrants move again to a third country or region, a secondary or 'onward' move that conventional origin-to-destination analysis misses entirely. The analytical core is event-history modeling with competing risks. From the moment a migrant arrives at a first destination, several mutually exclusive futures compete — moving onward, returning to the origin, or remaining — and the method models the hazard of each as a function of time since arrival and of the migrant's characteristics and conditions. This framing draws on the step-wise migration tradition that David Conway clarified in 1980, in which migration unfolds as a sequence of moves rather than a single transition, and on the synthesis of migration theories by Massey and colleagues in 1993, which supplies the human-capital, network, and structural mechanisms that drive secondary movement. A central question is selectivity: onward movers are typically not a random subset of arrivals but are differentially selected on skills, legal status, and ties, so comparing the determinants of onward moves against those of return and staying reveals who keeps moving and why.