方法对比

	远程焦点小组	在线半结构化访谈
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	Late 1990s (synchronous online); mainstream adoption 2020	Late 1990s–2000s (systematic treatment by ~2010)
提出者	Adaptation of traditional focus groups (Robert K. Merton, 1940s); remote modality formalized in the late 1990s–2000s and widely adopted post-2020	Adapted from face-to-face semi-structured interviewing; online variant emerged with internet adoption in research (Salmons, Mann, Stewart)
类型	Qualitative group data collection	Qualitative data collection technique
开创性文献	Lobe, B., Morgan, D., & Hoffman, K. A. (2020). Qualitative data collection in an era of social distancing. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 19, 1–8.	Brinkmann, S., & Kvale, S. (2015). InterViews: Learning the Craft of Qualitative Research Interviewing (3rd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1452203867
别名	virtual focus group, online focus group, video-mediated focus group, distributed focus group	virtual semi-structured interview, remote semi-structured interview, online qualitative interview, video-mediated semi-structured interview
相关	5	5
摘要	A Remote Focus Group is a synchronous, moderated group discussion conducted via video or audio conferencing rather than in a shared physical space. Participants — typically 5 to 10 people — join from separate locations and discuss a topic guided by a trained moderator. The method preserves the core strengths of in-person focus groups (group interaction, idea building, spontaneous reactions) while eliminating geographic barriers and reducing recruitment costs. It has become a mainstream qualitative data collection approach, especially following the widespread adoption of video conferencing platforms.	An online semi-structured interview is a qualitative data collection technique in which a researcher conducts a guided but flexible conversation with a participant over a digital medium — video call, telephone, chat, or email — using a prepared interview guide with open-ended questions while remaining free to probe, reorder, or add follow-up questions as the dialogue unfolds. It combines the accessibility of remote communication with the depth and adaptability of semi-structured inquiry.