方法对比

	远程德尔菲技术	远程焦点小组
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1950s (classic Delphi); remote/e-Delphi from late 1990s	Late 1990s (synchronous online); mainstream adoption 2020
提出者	Olaf Helmer and Norman Dalkey (RAND Corporation; classic Delphi); e-Delphi adapted by various methodologists from late 1990s onward	Adaptation of traditional focus groups (Robert K. Merton, 1940s); remote modality formalized in the late 1990s–2000s and widely adopted post-2020
类型	Iterative expert consensus technique — remote administration	Qualitative group data collection
开创性文献	Hasson, F., Keeney, S., & McKenna, H. (2000). Research guidelines for the Delphi survey technique. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 32(4), 1008–1015.	Lobe, B., Morgan, D., & Hoffman, K. A. (2020). Qualitative data collection in an era of social distancing. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 19, 1–8.
别名	online Delphi, e-Delphi, virtual Delphi, distributed Delphi	virtual focus group, online focus group, video-mediated focus group, distributed focus group
相关	4	5
摘要	The Remote Delphi Technique applies the structured iterative consensus process of the classic Delphi method entirely through remote communication channels — email, web-based survey platforms, or dedicated collaboration tools — eliminating the need for geographic co-presence. Experts complete successive questionnaire rounds asynchronously, receiving anonymised statistical summaries of the group's prior responses before each new round, until a pre-defined consensus threshold is reached.	A Remote Focus Group is a synchronous, moderated group discussion conducted via video or audio conferencing rather than in a shared physical space. Participants — typically 5 to 10 people — join from separate locations and discuss a topic guided by a trained moderator. The method preserves the core strengths of in-person focus groups (group interaction, idea building, spontaneous reactions) while eliminating geographic barriers and reducing recruitment costs. It has become a mainstream qualitative data collection approach, especially following the widespread adoption of video conferencing platforms.