方法对比

	Relative Deprivation Scale	政治参与量表
领域	政治心理学	政治心理学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1966	1995
提出者	Walter Runciman; Heather Smith & Thomas Pettigrew	Sidney Verba, Kay Lehman Schlozman, Henry Brady
类型	Self-report perception scale	Self-report
开创性文献	Smith, H. J., Pettigrew, T. F., Pippin, G. M., & Bialosiewicz, S. (2012). Relative deprivation: A theoretical and meta-analytic review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 16(3), 203-232.	Verba, S., Schlozman, K. L., & Brady, H. E. (1995). Voice and equality: Civic voluntarism in American politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
别名	RD Scale, Fraternal Relative Deprivation Scale, Group Relative Deprivation Measure	PPCS, Civic Participation Measure, Political Activity Scale
相关	4	3
摘要	The Relative Deprivation Scale measures the subjective sense that one's own group (fraternal/group relative deprivation) or oneself (egoistic/individual relative deprivation) is unjustly worse off than a relevant comparison standard, accompanied by feelings of resentment. Building on Runciman (1966) and synthesized by Smith and colleagues (2012), it captures the three-component process, cognitive comparison, appraisal of injustice, and affective resentment, that links inequality to political action.	The Political Participation Scale measures engagement in civic and political activities, encompassing voting, campaign involvement, contacting officials, organizational membership, community volunteering, and protest activity. Developed by Verba, Schlozman, and Brady (1995), the measure captures both conventional participation (voting, contacting representatives) and unconventional participation (protest, civil disobedience). It addresses fundamental questions in political science: Why do some citizens engage while others withdraw? How do structural resources (time, money, education) and psychological factors (efficacy, interest) drive participation?